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- British prince, known as the Young Pretender
- or Bonnie Prince Charlie, grandson of James
- II. In the Jacobite rebellion 1745 Charles
- won the support of the Scottish Highlanders;
- his army invaded England but was beaten back
- by the Duke of Cumberland and routed at
- Culloden 1746. Charles went into exile. He
- was born in Rome, the son of James, the Old
- Pretender, and created Prince of Wales at
- birth. In July 1745 he sailed for Scotland,
- and landed in Inverness-shire with seven
- companions. On 19 Aug he raised his father's
- standard, and within a week had rallied an
- army of 2,000 Highlanders. He entered
- Edinburgh almost without resistance, won an
- easy victory at Prestonpans, invaded England,
- and by 4 Dec had reached Derby, where his
- officers insisted on a retreat. The army
- returned to Scotland and won a victory at
- Falkirk, but was forced to retire to the
- Highlands before Cumberland's advance. On 16
- Apr at Culloden Charles's army was routed by
- Cumberland, and he fled. For five months he
- wandered through the Highlands with a price
- of 30,000 on his head before escaping to
- France. He visited England secretly in 1750,
- and may have made other visits. In later life
- he degenerated into a friendless drunkard. He
- settled in Italy 1766. With a price of 0,000
- on his hed, Charles Edward fled to France,
- eventually settling in Italy 1766.
-